Spermatophyta

Spermatophyta, Spermatopsida is the traditional seed-plant division of the kingdom Plantae.

A more traditional classification groups all the seed plants together as follows:

• Spermatophyta
  • Gnetopsida, including Gnetum, Welwitschia, Ephedra
  • Cycadopsida, the cycads
  • Ginkgoopsida, the ginkgo
  • Pinopsida, the conifers, aka Coniferopsida
  • Magnoliopsida, the flowering plants, aka Angiospermopsida

A more modern classification splits these groups into individual divisions:

• Gnetophyta, including Gnetum, Welwitschia, Ephedra
• Cycadophyta, the cycads
• Ginkgophyta, the ginkgo
• Pinophyta, the conifers, aka Coniferophyta
• Magnoliophyta, the flowering plants
  • Magnoliopsida, the dicots
  • Liliopsida, the monocots

There are some botanists who believe that the Magnoliopsida is actually polyphyletic; that is, that it should be split into at least two other classes.