Quadraphonic
Quadraphonic sound uses four channels in which speakers are positioned at all four corners of the listening space, reproducing signals that are independent of each other.
History
Quadraphonic sound was introduced to the American consumer in the early 1970s.
Quad was not one format but a myriad of different and largely incompatible formats on different media: quadraphonic could be obtained from
vinyl records,
eight tracks, and
reel-to-reel. Further complicating quadraphonic was the fact that some systems were
discrete, while others were
matrix.
Formats
CD-4
Compatible Discrete 4 or Quadradisc was introduced in 1971 as a discrete quadraphonic system created by JVC (as a subsidiary of
RCA). This format was less popular than others because of incompatiblity, poor longevity, and strict setup requirements. The quadraphonic music was encoded with sum and difference signals on the standard stereo grooves of vinyl. To play back the record, a special cartridge and stylus was required, in addition to a CD-4 demodulator and the usual quadraphonic receiver. This system produced additional wear and tear, so JVC introduced "super vinyl", a very durable type of record.
Quad-8
Quadraphonic 8-Track was a discrete system introduced by RCA in late 1970. The format was almost identical in appearance to stereo 8-tracks except for a small notch in the upper left corner of the cartridge. This signaled a quadraphonic 8-track player to combine the odd tracks as audio channels for Program 1 and the even tracks as channels for Program 2. The format was completely incompatible with stereo or mono players, but quadraphonic players would play stereo 8-tracks. Some stereo 8-track players touted simulated quadraphonic sound (through upmixing stereo 8-tracks) but were not quadraphonic 8-track players. The last release in the quadraphonic 8-track format was in 1978.
SQ
Surround Quadraphonic was a matrix quadraphonic system for vinyl. It was introduced by CBS in 1972. The system is based on the work of Peter Scheiber, who created the basic mathematical formulas used to matrix four channels into two in 1970.
QS
Reel to reel
External Links
