Portland, Oregon
This way to Portland
Portland is the largest city in Oregon, a few dozen miles from the west (Pacific) coast of the United States. It is situated just south of where the Columbia River joins the Willamette River. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 529,121. 2,180,996 people live in the Portland area, making it the 22nd largest metro area in the United States.
The city is nicknamed "The City of Roses", and hosts a Rose Festival each Spring (The main sports arena in Portland is known as the Rose Garden). Informally, residents of Portland also call it "PDX", from the airport code of Portland International Airport. It also has been called "Little Beirut" for the hostile demonstrations in response to the visits of presidents George H. W. Bush and his son George W. Bush. Other nicknames are "City of Bridges", "Rip City", "River City", "Puddletown", and "Deportland". The "Deportland" nickname comes from the alleged rough treatment of passengers at the FIS facility back when Delta Air Lines operated flights to Asia from PDX. Delta eventually pulled their flight to Narita, Japan, ending Portland's access to Asia.
One of Portland's oldest nicknames comes from the early days of its phenomenal growth. In the years after 1847, the city grew so rapidly that the stumps of trees cut down to make way for roads were left until manpower could be spared to remove them. In some areas, the stumps remained for so long that locals painted them white to make them more visible, and used them to cross the street without sinking into the mud. Thus, Portland earned the nickname, "Stumptown".
City nicknames
 |
| Portland, Feb 2003 |
It began in 1843 when William Overton and Asa Lovejoy beached their canoe on the banks of the Willamette River. Overcome by the beauty of the area, Overton saw great potential for this mountain-ringed, timber-rich land. His only problem was that he lacked the 25 cents needed to file a land claim. So, he struck a bargain with Lovejoy: In return for a quarter, Overton would share his claim to the 640-acre site known as "The Clearing."
Bored with clearing trees and building roads, Overton sold his half of the claim to Francis W. Pettygrove. The city was named when Francis Pettygrove and Asa Lovejoy, held a coin toss. Pettygrove won, and named the new town after his hometown of Portland, Maine; had Lovejoy won, he intended to name it after his Boston, Massachusetts hometown.
Portland was the major port in the northwestern United States for much of the 19th century, until the 1890s when direct railroad access between the deep water harbor in Seattle and points east by way of Stampede Pass were built. Goods could then be transported from the northwest coast to inland cities without needing to navigate the Columbia Bar at the mouth of the river.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 376.5 km² (145.4 mi²). 347.9 km² (134.3 mi²) of it is land and 28.6 km² (11.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 7.60% water.
As a result of a great renumbering in the 1930s, Portland is divided into five sections. The Willamette River bisects the city into an eastern and western section, and Burnside Street bisects it into a northern and southern section. These sections are NW, SW, NE, and SE. The river curves to the NW north of Burnside, so the section of N Portland that is actually north of the river is the N section. The city is slightly asymmetrical, because the west side is cut off by the West Hills, while the east side stretches on for more than 150 blocks, until it meets Gresham. Locals refer to these areas by the abbreviated names "Northwest", "Southwest", "Northeast" and "Southeast"; however for "North Portland" the full name is always used.
The Portland metropolitan area also includes the neighboring cities of Beaverton, Gresham, Hillsboro, Milwaukie, Lake Oswego, Oregon City, and Tigard (all in Oregon), as well as Vancouver (in Washington). Portland itself is in Multnomah County.
Portland has a well-deserved reputation for its vibrant and livable downtown. Many credit Oregon's proactive land use policies, which introduced something called an urban growth boundary in 1974. The urban growth boundary preserved agricultural land and promoted density in development. This was atypical in an era when automobile use led many cities to reduce, not increase, density.
As of the census of 2000, there are 529,121 people, 223,737 households, and 118,356 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,521.0/km² (3,939.2/mi²). There are 237,307 housing units at an average density of 682.1/km² (1,766.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 77.91% White, 6.64% African American, 1.06% Native American, 6.33% Asian, 0.38% Pacific Islander, 3.55% from other races, and 4.15% from two or more races. 6.81% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 223,737 households out of which 24.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% are married couples living together, 10.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% are non-families. 34.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.30 and the average family size is 3.00.
In the city the population is spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $40,146, and the median income for a family is $50,271. Males have a median income of $35,279 versus $29,344 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,643. 13.1% of the population and 8.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 15.7% are under the age of 18 and 10.4% are 65 or older.
Forest Park is one of the world's largest parks contained within a city, at about 20 km2 (7.7 mi2), or 5000 acres. Portland is also home to Mill Ends Park, one of the smallest parks anywhere (being a two-foot diameter circle, its "acreage" is only about 0.3 square metres).
Perhaps the most famous park is Gov. Tom McCall Waterfront Park, which runs along the Willamette River for the length of downtown. The 37-acre park was built in 1974 by removing a freeway which previously ran alongside the river. Today it plays host to large events throughout the year, including several beer festivals, a series of blues concerts, and the Rose Festival carnival.
Portland, like the rest of the state, is well-known for its good beer. Some illustrate its interest in the beverage by an offer made in 1888, when local brewer Henry Weinhard volunteered to pump beer from his brewery into the pipes of the newly dedicated Skidmore Fountain. But the renown for quality beer better dates to the 1980s, when microbreweries and brewpubs began to pop up all over the city. Their growth was supported by the abundance of local ingredients, including two-row barley, over a dozen varieties of hops, and the water from Bull Run and other watersheds of nearby Mount Hood.
Today, the city has more craft brewers than any other city in North America, at least on a per-capita basis if not in number. The McMenamin brothers alone have over thirty brewpubs scattered throughout the metropolitan area, many in renovated theaters and other old buildings otherwise destined for demolition. In 1999, Michael Jackson (the beer hunter, not the musician) called it a candidate for the beer capital of the world because the city had more breweries than Cologne, Germany.
Portland hosts a number of festivals throughout the year in celebration of beer. One of them, the Oregon Brewers Festival, is the largest gathering of independent craft brewers in North America.
Portland is well-known for its comprehensive public transportation system. The major
bus and rail system is named TriMet, reflecting the three metropolitan counties it
serves (Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington counties).
5th and 6th Aves in downtown are designated for bus traffic only. The bus system is extremely organized, with almost all bus routes ending in downtown on the bus mall, where bus stops are grouped geographically by destination, so that if you miss your bus you can take another one that goes close by.
The light rail, or MAX consists of two lines, with a third opening in 2004:
A more controversial form of public transportation, an aerial tramway, is planned to connect the North Macadam neighborhood with Marquam Hill (also known as "Pill Hill": the location of Oregon Health and Science University).
List of radio stations in Oregon, Personal Telco, PDX Wireless,
Nike, Inc, City of Beaverton
History
Geography
Ten road bridges span the Willamette river in town; the St. John's,
Fremont, Broadway,
Steel, Burnside, Morrison,
Marquam, Ross Island, and Sellwood.Demographics
Parks
Beer
Public transportation
In addition, the Portland Streetcar began operation in 2001, with a five-mile loop from downtown's Portland State University, past Powell's City of Books, through the Pearl District, to the NW 23rd neighborhood and shopping district northwest of city center.Sports teams
Colleges and universities
Notable current and former Portlanders
Cultural institutions
Portland in film
Portland has been the setting or filming location for a number of films:
Sister cities
See also
External links
