Pan Am Flight 103
Pan Am Flight 103 was a regular scheduled flight, which flew from Frankfurt International Airport in Frankfurt am Main, Germany to London Heathrow Airport in London, United Kingdom to John F. Kennedy International Airport in Jamaica, Queens, New York, New York.The Pan Am Flight 103 disaster, also known as the Lockerbie disaster or the Lockerbie air disaster was an explosion of a 312 gram Semtex-H bomb on board the airplane travelling from Frankfurt, via London, to New York on the evening of December 21, 1988. All 259 passengers and crew were killed as were 11 people on the ground near the Scottish town of Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway. Debris and body parts were scattered over a large area.
It remains somewhat unclear both who was responsible, and the motives for the attack, despite the conviction of one suspect. Some believe terrorists connected with Abu Nidal were responsible. The British and American governments publicly blamed a Palestinian terrorist group backed by Syria. Naturally, there were conspiracy theories too.
On February 16, 1989 investigators in Lockerbie announces that the cause of the crash was found to be a bomb hidden inside a radio-cassette player.
A British investigation concluded on November 14, 1991 that two Libyans, Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi, a senior officer in Libya's intelligence service, and Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah, were responsible. Much needed to be decided about how they could possibly be tried. (Libya had not been on friendly terms with these two nations since the 1986 bombardment of Tripoli by American planes based in Britain.) Libya refused to hand over the two suspects, resulting in UN sanctions being imposed beginning in 1992.
In 1998, as several countries started to ignore the sanctions, the Libyan government conceded to a trial in a "neutral" country. The solution was to try the men in the Netherlands under Scottish law, at Camp Zeist, a location that would be declared Scottish territory for the duration of the trial. The parties finally agreed, and in August 1998 the sanctions were suspended.
The two suspects were handed over on April 5, 1999, the trial began on May 3, 2000 and a verdict was reached on January 31, 2001. The trial was oevrseen by three judges, Lords Sutherland, McLean and Coulsfield. There was no jury.
Al Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison, with a recommendation that he served at least 20 years. Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah was found not guilty. Al Megrahi appealed against the verdict, but this was rejected on March 14, 2002 and he was moved to Barlinnie Prison in Glasgow.
There have been calls for a fresh appeal, and for Al Megrahi to serve his sentence in a Muslim country. A commission from the Organisation of African Unity criticised the basis of Al Megrahi's conviction. In June 2002 Nelson Mandela showed his sympathy by visiting him in prison.
In October 2002 it was reported that the Libyan government had made a compensation offer of $2.7 billion, about $10 million per victim. Then on August 15, 2003 Libya formally accepted responsibility for the bombing, but the statement consisted of general language that many people felt lacked an expression of remorse for the lives lost. Some people have also charged that the acceptance is a business deal aimed at removing economic sanctions and not a true admission of guilt.
On September 12, 2003, the United Nations ended the 15-year old sanctions against Libya. The sanctions were lifted because of the above reparations.
On 24 November 2003, as required by European law, the Scottish High Court set Al-Megrahi's tariff (the length of time he must serve before becoming eligible for parole) at 27 years, backdated to his detention in 1999.
At Arlington National Cemetery on November 3, 1995 US President Bill Clinton dedicated a memorial to the victims of event.
See also: List of terrorist incidents
