Nativism
The term Nativism is used in both politics and psychology in two fundamentally different ways.
Political Nativism
American Nativism was created in response to the surge in immigration between 1846 and 154 when about 3 million Europeans immigrated into the United States, This movement ensured that those born in America, would receive better treatment than immigrants. In 1849, A secret nativist society called the Order of the Star Spangled Banner, was formed as a result of the fear of immigrants. The Natvists, went public in 1854 when they formed the American Party which was anti-Irish-Catholic and campaigned for laws to require longer wait time between immigration and naturalization. This new order became known as the Know-Nothings. This form of nationalism often identified with xenophobia, anti-Catholic sentiment (anti-papist) and ideas of White Anglo-Saxon Protestant supremacy. It was involved in several anti-Catholic riots in the late 18th century, including the Philadelphia Nativist Riots.
Psychological Nativism
In psychology, nativism is the view that certain skills or abilities are 'native' or hard wired into the brain at birth. This is in contrast to the 'blank slate' or tabula rasa view which states that the brain has little innate ability and almost everything is learnt through interaction with the environment.
Nativism is most associated with the work of Jerry Fodor, Noam Chomsky and Steven Pinker, who argue that we are born with certain cognitive models (specialised genetically inherited psychological abilities) that allow us to learn and acquire certain skills (such as language). They argue that many such abilities would otherwise be greatly impaired without this genetic pre-environmental contribution (see universal grammar for an example).
Psychologist Annette Karmiloff-Smith has put forward a theory known as the representational redescription or RR model of development which argues against such strict nativism and which proposes that the brain may become modular through experience within certain domains (such as social interaction or visual perception) rather than modules being genetically pre-specified.
